Slack API: Add a User to a Channel (conversations.invite), Tested

To add a user to a Slack channel with the API, call conversations.invite with the channel ID and a comma-separated list of user IDs in users. The token's owner must already be in the channel, and the token needs channels:manage for public channels or groups:write for private ones (bot scopes; a user token uses channels:write and groups:write). For a bot to put itself into a public channel, use conversations.join with channels:join. We ran every call below on 2 October 2026 in our own test workspace, with a bot token and with a user token.

Add a user with Python

This script, run with slack_sdk 3.45.0, covers the common cases. PUBLIC_ID and PRIVATE_ID were two new channels a person had created, so the bot was in neither:

import os
from slack_sdk import WebClient
from slack_sdk.errors import SlackApiError

bot = WebClient(token=os.environ["SLACK_BOT_TOKEN"])
ME = os.environ["MY_USER_ID"]                      # the person to add
PUBLIC, PRIVATE = os.environ["PUBLIC_ID"], os.environ["PRIVATE_ID"]

def run(label, fn, **kw):
    try:
        r = fn(**kw)
        print(f"{label:42} ok  warning={r.get('warning')}")
    except SlackApiError as e:
        errs = [(x["user"], x["error"]) for x in e.response.get("errors", [])]
        print(f"{label:42} {e.response['error']}  {errs or ''}")

new = bot.conversations_create(name="w1-invite-demo-1002", is_private=True)["channel"]["id"]
run("join a public channel", bot.conversations_join, channel=PUBLIC)
run("join a private channel", bot.conversations_join, channel=PRIVATE)
run("invite a person to the bot's channel", bot.conversations_invite, channel=new, users=ME)
run("invite the same person again", bot.conversations_invite, channel=new, users=ME)
run("invite the bot itself", bot.conversations_invite, channel=new, users=bot.auth_test()["user_id"])
run("invite into a private channel it is not in", bot.conversations_invite, channel=PRIVATE, users=ME)
print("created", new)

Output:

join a public channel                      ok  warning=None
join a private channel                     channel_not_found  
invite a person to the bot's channel       ok  warning=None
invite the same person again               already_in_channel  [('U0B7L4YK420', 'already_in_channel')]
invite the bot itself                      cant_invite_self  [('U0C695L6YVA', 'cant_invite_self')]
invite into a private channel it is not in channel_not_found  
created C0C6980KWA0

The bot can invite people into the private channel it created, because it is a member. It cannot see the private channel a person created, so both conversations.join and conversations.invite say channel_not_found, not a permissions error. That is the same error a wrong channel ID gives; our channel_not_found page lists the other causes.

Every response we got

Two of these behave unlike the rest. A second conversations.join is not an error: Slack returns ok: true and puts already_in_channel in warning, so code that only checks ok will not notice. And conversations.join never works on a private channel, even when the bot is already in it. To see who is in a channel before you invite, call conversations.members; get users in a channel shows what it returns for each channel type.

Invite errors come with an errors array that names the user each error belongs to:

{"ok": false, "error": "cant_invite_self", "errors": [{"user": "U0C695L6YVA", "ok": false, "error": "cant_invite_self"}]}

Several users at once, and force

users takes a list of IDs separated by commas (Slack's docs allow up to 1,000). If one of them fails, the whole call fails by default. We invited a made-up ID and a real person to a new private channel:

{"ok": false, "error": "user_not_found", "errors": [{"user": "U0NOTREAL1", "ok": false, "error": "user_not_found"}]}

conversations.members afterwards listed only the bot, so the real person was not added either. The same call with force=true returned ok: true with the same errors array, and the person was in the channel. Use force when a list may contain IDs of people who left; check errors after the call to see who was skipped.

Adding a bot to a channel

A bot cannot join a private channel by itself. A member has to invite it, in Slack with /invite @botname or through the API with that member's user token. With our user token (groups:write user scope), conversations.invite with the bot's user ID returned ok for a private channel the person had created. After that, the bot was a member: its conversations.leave in that channel returned ok. If the bot only needs to post, not read, the not_in_channel page covers chat:write.public as another way.

Each join or invite leaves a system message in the channel. Slack groups them. When our bot created a channel and invited a person and another app's bot, the channel showed one line:

When a person invited the bot to a private channel and the bot then left with conversations.leave, the two events merged into the person's join line:

In conversations.history each of these is a separate message with subtype channel_join or channel_leave. A join made by conversations.invite carries an inviter field with the ID of whoever made the call; a conversations.join has none.

FAQ

Can a bot rejoin a private channel after it leaves?

No. After our bot left the private channel with conversations.leave, its conversations.join returned channel_not_found. Someone in the channel has to invite it again.

How do I find the channel ID to pass?

Use conversations.list or copy it from the channel details in Slack. Both ways are in how to find a Slack channel ID.